How Vagus Nerve Dysfunction Affects Digestion

The vagus nerve is one of the most important connections between your brain and your digestive system. As the longest cranial nerve, it runs from the brainstem through the neck, chest, and into the abdomen, helping regulate key processes such as swallowing, stomach acid production, and intestinal motility. When the vagus nerve is not functioning properly, these processes can be disrupted—leading to a wide range of digestive challenges.

The Vagus Nerve and the Gut-Brain Connection

The vagus nerve is central to the “gut-brain axis,” the two-way communication system between your digestive system and your nervous system. When functioning optimally, the vagus nerve helps:

• Stimulate production of stomach acid and digestive enzymes

• Coordinate muscle contractions that move food through the gastrointestinal tract (peristalsis)

• Regulate bile release for fat digestion

• Signal satiety and fullness to the brain

What Happens with Vagus Nerve Dysfunction?

If the vagus nerve is impaired—whether from injury, chronic stress, inflammation, or other conditions—the body may struggle to regulate digestion. This dysfunction can result in:

• Delayed gastric emptying (gastroparesis): Food moves slowly through the stomach, causing bloating, nausea, or fullness after small meals.

• Acid reflux or indigestion: Impaired nerve signaling can reduce lower esophageal sphincter control, allowing stomach acid to flow upward.

• Constipation or irregular bowel movements: Decreased vagal tone may slow peristalsis, making elimination more difficult.

• Nutrient absorption issues: Inadequate enzyme and bile release can affect how well the body absorbs vitamins, minerals, and fats.

• Altered hunger and satiety signals: Dysfunction may disrupt appetite regulation, contributing to overeating or loss of appetite.

Contributing Factors to Vagus Nerve Dysfunction

A variety of factors can impair vagus nerve function, including:

• Chronic stress and anxiety – keeping the body in “fight-or-flight” mode, reducing vagal tone

• Diabetes – high blood sugar can damage nerve fibers, including the vagus

• Inflammation and infections – affecting nerve signaling

• Physical trauma or surgery – particularly in the neck, chest, or abdomen

Supporting Vagus Nerve Health

The good news is that vagal function can often be improved with targeted strategies. Some evidence-based approaches include:

• Breathing practices and yoga – slow, diaphragmatic breathing stimulates vagal tone and calms the nervous system

• Mind-body techniques – meditation, mindfulness, and relaxation can enhance the gut-brain connection

• Gentle movement and exercise – supporting circulation and nervous system balance

• Cold exposure – brief exposure to cold water (like splashing the face) can trigger vagal activation

• Professional therapies – such as craniosacral therapy or Integrative Manual Therapy, which work with nervous system regulation

The Bigger Picture

Because the vagus nerve connects the brain, heart, and gut, its dysfunction can create ripple effects across multiple systems. By supporting vagal tone, you not only improve digestion but also foster better stress resilience, emotional balance, and overall wellbeing.

✨ If digestive issues are affecting your quality of life, exploring vagus nerve health may be a key step toward recovery. Book a session with me to work on rebalancing the vagus nerve and support your digestive health.